What does the term "ophthalmology" encompass?

The term "ophthalmology" comprehensively refers to the medical and surgical care of the eyes and associated structures. This field of medicine encompasses a wide range of practices, including the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of eye disorders and diseases, as well as surgical interventions for various eye conditions. Ophthalmologists are trained to handle both medical conditions—such as glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal diseases—as well as perform surgical procedures like cataract surgery, LASIK, and more complex eye surgeries.

While the other options touch on specific aspects of eye care—such as the study of eye diseases or vision correction—they do not capture the full scope of what ophthalmology entails. The field is not limited to just one aspect of ocular health; rather, it integrates a comprehensive approach that includes both preventative and therapeutic measures, making it a vital area of medicine for maintaining visual health.